| Rusyn is an East Slavic language (along
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| | Rusyn, more exactly Pannonian Rusyn, as
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| with Russian, Belarusian and Ukrainian to
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| | an official language was former
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| which it shares a common linguistic
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| | Yugoslavia. In 1995, Rusyn was recognized
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| ancestry) that is spoken by the Rusyns.
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| | as a minority language in Slovakia,
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| Opinions differ among linguists
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| | enjoying the status of official language
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| concerning whether Rusyn is a separate
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| | in municipalities where more than 20% of
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| East Slavic language or a dialect of
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| | the inhabitants speak Rusyn.
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| Ukrainian. The political implications of
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| | The Rusyn language is divided as follows:
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| the dispute add to the controversy.
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| | Hutsul is spoken in the mountainous part
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| Rusyn is spoken in the Transcarpathian
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| | of Suceava County and Maramures County in
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| Region of Ukraine, in northeastern
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| | Romania and the extreme southern parts of
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| Slovakia, southeastern Poland (where it
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| | the Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast (as well as in
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| is often called lemkowski 'Lemko', from
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| | parts of the Chernivtsi and
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| their characteristic word lem/???
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| | Transcarpathian Oblasts, and on the
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| 'only'), and Hungary (where the people
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| | northern slopes of the Carpathian
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| and language are called Ruten). The
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| | Mountains.
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| Pannonian Rusyn language in Serbia is
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| | Boyko is spoken on the northern side of
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| sometimes considered part of the Rusyn
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| | the Carpathian Mountains in the Lviv and
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| language, although some linguists
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| | Ivano-Frankivsk Oblasts. It can also be
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| consider that language to be West Slavic.
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| | heard across the border in the
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| In Ukraine, Rusyn is usually considered a
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| | Subcarpathian Voivodship of Poland
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| dialect of Ukrainian, as it is very close
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| | Lemko is spoken outside Ukraine in the
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| to the Hutsul dialect, but speakers
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| | Prešov Region of Slovakia along the
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| sometimes prefer to consider themselves
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| | southern side of the Carpathian
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| distinct from Ukrainians.
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| | Mountains.
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| Attempts to standardize the language
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| | Dolinian Rusyn or Subcarpathian Rusyn is
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| suffer from its being divided between
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| | spoken in the Transcarpathian Oblast.
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| four countries, so that in each of these
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| | Pryashiv Rusyn is the Rusyn spoken in
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| countries there has been devised a
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| | the Prešov (in Rusyn: Pryashiv/Pryashuv)
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| separate orthography (in each case with
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| | region of Slovakia, as well as by some
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| Cyrillic letters) and grammatical
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| | émigré communities, primarily in the
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| standard, based on different Rusyn
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| | United States of America.
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| dialects. The cultural centres of
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| | Pannonian Rusyn is spoken in northwestern
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| Carpatho-Rusyn are Prešov in Slovakia,
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| | Serbia and eastern Croatia. Also called
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| Uzhhorod and Mukacheve in Ukraine,
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| | Backa dialect, it is one of the official
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| Krynica and Legnica in Poland, and
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| | languages of the Serbian Autonomous
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| Budapest in Hungary. Many very active
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| | Province of Vojvodina).
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| Rusyns also live in Canada and the USA.
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| | In the introduction to the book "Slavic
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| It is very difficult to count the
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| | languages," written in 1973, ten years
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| speakers of Rusyn, but their number is
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| | before glasnost, Samuel Bernshtein writes
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| sometimes estimated at almost a million,
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| | about "western Ukrainians" and the
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| most of them in Ukraine and Slovakia. The
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| | "literary language" which they "until
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| first country to officially recognize
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| | recently [i.e., 1973]" had.
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