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Rusyn language

Rusyn is an East Slavic language (alongRusyn, as an official language was
with Russian, Belarusian and Ukrainianformer Yugoslavia. In 1995, Rusyn was
to which it shares a common linguisticrecognized as a minority language in
ancestry) that is spoken by the Rusyns.Slovakia, enjoying the status of
Opinions differ among linguistsofficial language in municipalities
concerning whether Rusyn is a separatewhere more than 20% of the inhabitants
East Slavic language or a dialect ofspeak Rusyn.
Ukrainian. The political implications ofThe Rusyn language is divided as
the dispute add to the controversy.follows:
Rusyn is spoken in the TranscarpathianHutsul is spoken in the mountainous part
Region of Ukraine, in northeasternof Suceava County and Maramures County
Slovakia, southeastern Poland (where itin Romania and the extreme southern
is often called lemkowski 'Lemko', fromparts of the Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast (as
their characteristic word lem/???well as in parts of the Chernivtsi and
'only'), and Hungary (where the peopleTranscarpathian Oblasts, and on the
and language are called Ruten). Thenorthern slopes of the Carpathian
Pannonian Rusyn language in Serbia isMountains.
sometimes considered part of the RusynBoyko is spoken on the northern side of
language, although some linguiststhe Carpathian Mountains in the Lviv and
consider that language to be WestIvano-Frankivsk Oblasts. It can also be
Slavic. In Ukraine, Rusyn is usuallyheard across the border in the
considered a dialect of Ukrainian, as itSubcarpathian Voivodship of Poland
is very close to the Hutsul dialect, butLemko is spoken outside Ukraine in the
speakers sometimes prefer to considerPrešov Region of Slovakia along the
themselves distinct from Ukrainians.southern side of the Carpathian
Attempts to standardize the languageMountains.
suffer from its being divided betweenDolinian Rusyn or Subcarpathian Rusyn is
four countries, so that in each of thesespoken in the Transcarpathian Oblast.
countries there has been devised aPryashiv Rusyn is the Rusyn spoken in
separate orthography (in each case withthe Prešov (in Rusyn: Pryashiv
Cyrillic letters) and grammaticalPryashuv) region of Slovakia, as well as
standard, based on different Rusynby some émigré communities, primarily
dialects. The cultural centres ofin the United States of America.
Carpatho-Rusyn are Prešov in Slovakia,Pannonian Rusyn is spoken in
Uzhhorod and Mukacheve in Ukraine,northwestern Serbia and eastern Croatia.
Krynica and Legnica in Poland, andAlso called Backa dialect, it is one of
Budapest in Hungary. Many very activethe official languages of the Serbian
Rusyns also live in Canada and the USA.Autonomous Province of Vojvodina).
It is very difficult to count theIn the introduction to the book "Slavic
speakers of Rusyn, but their number islanguages," written in 1973, ten years
sometimes estimated at almost a million,before glasnost, Samuel Bernshtein
most of them in Ukraine and Slovakia.writes about "western Ukrainians" and
The first country to officiallythe "literary language" which they
recognize Rusyn, more exactly Pannonian"until recently [i.e., 1973]" had.



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