| Rusyns are an ethnic group that never
| |
| | ethnicity as Ukrainian. About 10,100
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| attained the status of independent
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| | people, or 0.8%, of Ukraine's Zakarpattya
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| statehood, except for a half a year
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| | oblast (province) identified themselves
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| period in 1919 (Podkarpatska Rus) and a
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| | as Rusyns; in contrast, 1,010,000
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| few days in 1939 (Carpatho-Ukraine). As
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| | considered themselves Ukrainians.[3]
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| such, their fortunes have rested in the
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| | Research conducted by the University of
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| hands of larger powers, such as Hungary,
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| | Cambridge during the height of political
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| Czechoslovakia, Slovakia, Poland, the
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| | Ruthenianism in the mid-nineties, that
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| Soviet Union, Ukraine, and Russia. In
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| | focused on five specific regions within
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| contrast to the modern Ukrainian national
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| | Zakarpattya oblast with the strongest
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| movement that united Western Ukrainians
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| | pro-Ruthenian cultural and political
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| with those from the rest of Ukraine, the
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| | activism, found that only nine percent of
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| Rusyn national movement takes two forms:
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| | the population claimed Rusyn
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| one considers Rusyns as a separate East
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| | ethnicity.[4] These numbers may change
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| Slavic nation, while the other is based
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| | with the further acceptance of Rusyn
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| on the concept of fraternal unity with
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| | identity and the Rusyn language in
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| Russians.
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| | educational systems in the area, but at
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| Most if not all of the Eastern Slavic
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| | the moment most Ruthenians consider
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| inhabitants of present-day Western
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| | themselves Ukrainians.
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| Ukraine referred to themselves as Rusyns
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| | The Rusyn national movement is much
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| (Ukrainian: ??????, translit. Rusyny)
| |
| | stronger among those Rusyn groups that
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| prior to the nineteenth century, the
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| | became geographically separated from
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| majority of these people became active
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| | present-day Ukrainian territories, for
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| participants in the creation of the
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| | example the Rusyn emigrants in the United
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| Ukrainian nation and came to call
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| | States and Canada, as well as the Rusyns
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| themselves Ukrainians (Ukrainian:
| |
| | still included within the borders of
|
| ????????, translit. Ukrayintsi). There
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| | Slovakia. A census in the latter country
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| were, however, ethnic Rusyn enclaves
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| | in 2001 showed that 24,000 people
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| which were not a part of this movement:
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| | considered themselves Rusyn while 11,000
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| those living on the border of the same
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| | considered themselves to be Ukrainians.
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| territory or in more isolated regions,
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| | The Pannonian Rusyns in Serbia, who
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| such as the people from Carpathian
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| | migrated there during the rule of the
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| Ruthenia, Poleshuks, or the Rusyns of
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| | Austro-Hungarian Empire, also consider
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| Podlachia. With no reason to change their
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| | themselves to be Rusyns. In the
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| self-identifying monikers, these isolated
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| | nineteenth and early twentieth centuries,
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| groups continued to refer to themselves
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| | some Rusyns resettled in Vojvodina (in
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| as Rusyns even after the majority of
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| | present day Serbia), as well as in
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| their people had switched to a Ukrainian
| |
| | Slavonia (in present-day Croatia). Still
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| self-identification. In this sense,
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| | other Rusyns migrated to the northern
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| Rusyns are similar to other borderland
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| | regions of present-day Bosnia and
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| ethnicities, and their national awakening
| |
| | Herzegovina, although many of this
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| can be viewed by some as a negation of
| |
| | ethnicity in Bosnia identify themselves
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| Ukrainian nationalism.
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| | as Ukrainians. Until the 1971 Yugoslav
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| Some scholars consider the Lemko, Boyko,
| |
| | census, both Ukrainians (Serbian:
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| Hutsul, Verkhovinetses (Verkhovyntsi, or
| |
| | ?????????, tr. Ukrajinci) and Rusyns
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| Highlanders), and Dolinyanin (Haynal)
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| | (Serbian: ??????, tr. Rusini) in these
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| ethnic groups to be Rusyn. Indeed, as
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| | areas were recorded collectively as
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| with the rest of the inhabitants of
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| | "Ruthenes". Podkarpatskije Rusiny is
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| present-day Western Ukraine in the 19th
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| | considered the Rusyn "national anthem",
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| century and first part of the 20th
| |
| | Ja Rusyn byl jesm' i budu the national
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| century, these peoples referred to
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| | song.
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| themselves as Rusyns. However, some of
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| | Historically, in order to separate the
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| these ethnic groups consider themselves
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| | Ukrainian people, the Polish and
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| to be wholely separate ethnicities, while
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| | Hungarian states are considered to have
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| some claim to be Ukrainians and still
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| | helped in the development of a Rusyn
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| others identify themselves as Rusyns.
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| | identity as a separate one from that of
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| According to a recent Ukrainian census,
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| | Ukrainians. Rusyns were even recorded as
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| an overwhelming majority of Boykos,
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| | a separate nationality by the censuses
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| Lemkos, Hutsuls, Verkhovinetses and
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| | taken in pre-WWII Poland (see Cezary
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| Dolinyanins in Ukraine stated their
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| | Chlebowski's Wachlarz).
|
