Sunniva, a Central and Important Name in Norwegian Mythology and History, Even as Religious Monument

Sunnivaand children pray for salvation and when the earl
Scandinavian form of the Old English nameand his people entered the island, big blocks of
Sunngifu, which meant "sun gift" from the Oldrocks fell down in the entrance of their cave and
English elements sunne "sun" and giefu "gift". Thisblocked its entrance totally. They were not
was the name of a legendary English saint whodiscovered due to this fact, and the earl had to
was shipwrecked in Norway and killed by theleave the island without finding any Vikings settled
inhabitants.there.
Saint Sunniva (10th century) is the patron saint ofAfter some time, two farmers from the
the Norwegian Diocese of Bjørgvin, as well asFirdafylke, Tord Eigileivsson and Tord Jorunsson
all of Western Norway. According to legend,were traveling to Trondheim. Then, one night
Sunniva was the heir of an Irish kingdom, but hadwhen they had anchored up at the island Selje,
to flee when a heathen king, who wanted tothey discovered a strange light over the island. It
marry her, invaded. At the Norwegian island ofcame down from the sky and assembled on one
Selja, in the present-day municipality of Selje, sheplace on the beach so the glow shined in the
and her followers took refuge in a cave. Theocean. They made it to the shore and found a
locals suspected the foreigners of stealing theirscull on the beach, snow white and with a sweet
sheep, and the king HÃ¥kon Jarl was sent for.smell. They did not understand this, but would like
Sunniva and her followers prayed to God thatto take it with them to the Earl Hakon - Hakon
they should not fall into the hands of theJarl. He had been killed in the meantime till they
heathens, upon which rocks fell down blocking thearrived in Trondheim, but in their continued travel
entrance to the cave.they arrived to the king Olav Tryggvason, who
Sunniva and the others died in the cave, but innow ruled in Norway. The new king and the
the years to come miracles were reported on thebishop Sigurd understood that the skull was a
island. When the Christian king Olaf Tryggvasonrelique. They made sure the two farmers where
excavated the cave in 996, the body of Sunnivabaptized and taught in the Christian faith, and
was found intact. Later a Benedictine monasteryasked people about this island Selja.
was built on the site, the ruins of which can still beAfter this, they sailed to the island and found the
seen.cave where they found Sunniva., she was as
During the fires in Bergen in 1170/71 and in 1198whole as she was only sleeping and together with
the remains of Sunniva were taken from theher were lots of skeletons that sent out the
Christchurch and sat down by Sandbru. Thissame sweet smell as the skull had done. Olav
reportedly halted the advance of the fire and wasTryggvason made a chapel in front of the cave
hailed as a miracleand made a small church below this location.
Around 1170 the story of Sunniva was writtenHuman bones that they had found were put in a
down in a Latin hagiographic work titled Actashrine which was made in the name of Saint
sanctorum in Selio.Sunniva. This event took place in the year 996.
Sunniva wa an irish princess which wasThe day of memorial for Sunniva is the July 8th.
extraordinary beautiful and wise. She decided verySunniva became the protection saint for the
early to forsake the marriage and become Kristiwestern Norway and Selja became bishops seat
bride. After her fathers death whe had to rule hisfor the Gulating region. In 1170 the bishops seat
kingdom with the help of relatives, family andwas moved to Bergen and Sunnivas shrine was
friends. When she decided to decline a foreigntransferred to Church of Christ and put on the
Viking kings proposal for marriage, he plunderedhigh alter on August 31st 1170 by bishop PÃ¥l.
her land. Sunniva declared in the summoning thatAt least the part of the shrines of the Selje men
she would leave Ireland and become Kristileft on the island. On Selje the benedict munch
foresight and travel to unknown land with peoplemoved in, probably from England, and built a
who would follow her on this journey.monastery they named after St Alban (according
She left with a flock of veaponless men in threeto the legend , Sunnivas brother Alban was with
ships without any sails, rudder and ores and lether on this venture). Judged by the excavations
herself and her companionship be lead by the seaaround the monastery ruins they had a boys
currents. They were lead north of Scotland,school there, and had been hit by both fires and
passed Orkenys and the Viking nests found onepidemics before the reform. Traditions tells us
the main land to the Firdafylke, where thethat the monastery was idle and abandoned
inhabitants thought she and her travel companionsalready before the reform after it had been
where enemy Vikings and cast stones andtrashed by Swedes before this event.
arrows at them. This event is documented inIn 1668 it is told about a protestant priest widow
Acta Sanctorum in Selio. A storm divide the threewhich the successor of the Selje monastery
ships, one ended up on the small Island Kinn, northwould not marry nor provide for. As a revenge
of Sognefjorden. The irish pilgrims on this shipfor this, she burned all the archives of the
must have live an isolated life through theirmonastery. But tradition tells us that Olav the
lifetime, like other lonely souls on the islands in theholly has nealed in front of the small Church of
Atlantic ocean.Sunniva and the chapel in front of the cave. He
The two other ships drifted off with Sunnivalanded on the island Selja on his way home from
further north to the island Selja, in a bay at StadEngland when he wanted to conquer Norway and
where they could find fresh water, fish and birdsfollow Olav Tryggvasons mission.
for survival. They did not meet any people there,The holy Sunniva and the Seljemen: Seljumanna
so they settled in natural caves in the mountainmass. The day is also marked on the Norwegian
sides there. However, inhabitants by the fjordPrime pin. She also has a translation feast (Sunniva
nearby felt threatened because their sheeptranslatio) August 31st , in memory of the
grassed on this island. Hakon Jarl, the king senttransfer of Sunniva's remains to Bergen. The
men to the island to get rid of Sunniva and hercatholic church in Molde is named after her.
people in the faith they were Vikings. On theWhen performing a Google search for Sunniva, it
island Sunniva and her followers of men, womengives 523,000 hits.